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Name: EVATT, John Thorold DSO (Brig.-General)

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Nee: son of Henry Ashmore

Birth Date: 1.8.1861 Ceylon

Death Date: 15.4.1949 Bath

Nationality: British

First Date: 1898

Profession: Officer in charge of a company of Indian troops that advanced from Kisumu to Nandi to quell a riot in 1900

Married: Rose Baghley b. 1875, d. 1952 India

Children: Drummond (1893 India-1979)

Author: Historical Record of the 39th Garhwal Rifles

Book Reference: Gillett, Hobley, Permanent Way, Sitrep 6, Moyse, Tucker, Debrett, Hut, North, DSO

School: Whitgift Grammar School

General Information:

Hobley - he brought down a company of Indian troops, whose mobility was inferior to that of the African troops and whose rations were more complicated (therefore they weren't much use)
Permanent Way - In June 1899, by a stroke of good fortune, captured Kabarega and Mwanga, who were deported to the Seychelles.   
Sitrep 6 - Africa General Service Medal 1902-56 - Uganda 1900 - Awarded for operations - 1900 - under Lt. Col J.T. Evatt, DSO, against the Nandi.    
Moyse - March 1898 - 39th Bengal Infantry - was appointed to raise the first Indian Contingent, 400 strong, for service in Uganda ....... May 1898 - raised to rank of local Lt.-Col. ...... 1900 - led 3rd expedition against the Nandi - arrived in Nandi on 5th July   
Tucker - May 1898 - chasing remaining mutineers. ......... 1899 - Masindi - the Government were making it a military centre, and the main caravan road to the Nile stations of Wadelai, Dufile and Gondokoro passed through it. Col. Evatt of the Indian contingent, whom I found in command, was most helpful.   
Debrett - entered Dorsetshire Regt. 1881, transferred to ISC 1883, became Capt. 1892, Major 1901, Brevet Lieut.-Col. 1901, Lieut.-Col. and Brevet Col. 1904, Col. 1907, retired 1913; Hon. Brig-Gen. 1913, and Col. 18th Roy. Garhwal Rifles 1914; Burma Expedition 1891-2 (medal with 2 clasps), NW Frontier of India 1897 (medal with clasp), Tirah Expedition 1897-8 (clasp), Ogaden (British East Africa) Expedition 1898 (medal with clasp), Uganda Mutiny 1899, in command of expedition resulting in capture of Kabarega and Mwanga (despatches, clasp, DSO) and in command of Nandi Expedition 1900 (despatches, medal with clasp, Brevet Lieut.-Col.), European War 1914-19 (2 medals); commanded Madras Brig. 1907-10; re-employed as Brig.-Com. 1914-15
North - Appt. Local Lieut. Col. 5/7/1898; In charge of the Indian contingent for Uganda Rifles; arr. Naivasha from Coast 11/12/1898; arr Mumia's 4/1/1899, Kampala 20/1/1899, dep. for Unyoro to disperse mutineers - Wakedi Field Force; Acting Commander of Uganda Rifles & OC of Nandi punitive expdn. 24/5/1900 to 30/10/1900
DSO - London Gazette 9/1/1900 - In recognition of services in Uganda. The DSO was presented by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Consul-General in Uganda ……… he retired from the Army 23/4/1913 with the rank of Brigadier-General and was appointed Colonel of the 39th Garwhal Rifles in 1914. Brigadier-General J.T. Evatt was re-employed in 1914 and appointed Brigade Commander (mentioned in Secretary of State's Despatch. He subsequently served as Deputy Assistant Censor 1916-17 and as Area Commandant in France in 1917
Hobley - 'The O.C. troops of the Protectorate at that time was Colonel Evatt, an officer of the Indian Army.'
1939 England and Wales Register living in Bath with Eleanor F. Evatt b. 31 Jan 1868, widow
www.spink.com A Rare 'Uganda 1899' D.S.O., and Superb Campaign Combination Group of Nine to Brigadier-General J.T. Evatt, 39th Garhwal Rifles and Uganda Rifles, Who Successfully Defeated and Captured Kabarega and Mwanga, The Kings of Unyoro and Uganda; Before Leading the Military Operations Against the Nandi, July-October 1900. With a 'Face Like An Old Walrus, Running Them All With An Iron Hand - He Was Almost a Prototype Of An Indomitable 'C.O.' He Went On To Raise the 2nd Battalion of the 39th Garhwal Rifles, He Was Also The First Colonel of The Regiment
a) Distinguished Service Order, V.R., silver-gilt and enamel, with integral top riband bar, obverse centre slightly depressed, minor enamel damage
b) India General Service 1854-95, two clasps, Burma 1889-92, Chin Hills 1892-93 (Lieut. J.T. Evatt 39th Bl. Infy.)
c) India General Service 1895-1902, V.R., two clasps, Punjab Frontier 1897-98, Tirah 1897-98 (Capt. J.T. Evatt 39th Bl. Infy.)
d) East and Central Africa 1897-99, two clasps, 1898, Uganda 1899 (Maj: J.T. Evatt, 1/Uganda Rif:)
e) Africa General Service 1902-56, E.VII.R., one clasp, Uganda 1900 (Lt: Col: J.T. Evatt. D.S.O. Uganda Rif:)
f) British War and Victory Medals (Brig. Gen. J.T. Evatt.)
g) Jubilee 1935
h) Coronation 1937, generally very fine or better, mounted as originally worn (9)
D.S.O. London Gazette 9.1.1900 Capt. John Thorold Evatt, Indian Staff Corps, 'In recognition of services in Uganda.'
Brigadier-General John Thorold Evatt, D.S.O., born 1861, son Henry Ashmore, late 90th Light Infantry and Public Works Department, Ceylon; educated at Whitgift School, Croydon; served in the Royal South Middlesex Militia prior to being commissioned Second Lieutenant, 54th Foot, 1881; transferred as Lieutenant to the Indian Staff Corps, 1883; served with the 39th Bengal Infantry as part of the Tlang-Tlang and Tashon Columns in Burma 1891-92; Captain 1892; served with the regiment during the operations on the North West Frontier, 1897-98, including in the Mohmand and Malakand operations in Bajaur; he also served with the Tirah Expeditionary Force prior to service in Africa; advanced Major and served with the 1st Battalion Uganda Rifles in British East Africa; took part in the expedition against the Ogaden Somalis, 1898; serving in Uganda, 1898-99, Evatt commanded the forces which advanced down the Nile defeating and capturing Kabarega and Mwanga, Kings of Unyoro and Uganda (D.S.O.; Mentioned in Despatches London Gazette 2.1.1900); Acting Commissioner Ternan's despatch to the Marquis of Salisbury, dated 31.5.1899, Kampala, gives the following:
'I have the honour to forward herewith Lieutenant-Colonel Evatt's Report upon the recent operations so successfully carried out by him agains Kabarega, late King of Unyoro.
As your Lordship is aware, Kabarega, after carrying on hostilities against this Administration for some years, was defeated in 1896, and finally driven out of Unyoro into the Wakedi country, where he settled down with a large number of his following.
Since that time, however, he has never ceased to carry on by every means in his power a desultory war against the Government, and, by a series of raids, directed against the Wanyoro living on the west bank of the Nile, has caused the greatest suffering to his former subjects, and kept Unyoro itself in a state of excitement which prevented it from quietly settling down, and much interfered with its satisfactory administration.
In February last I decided that the time had come when a decisive blow might be struck which would finally put a stop to this state of things, and arrangements were accordingly made to collect a force at Mruli, with a view to acting against Kabarega in the Wakedi country, and either capturing him or breaking his power.
In forwarding Lieutenant-Colonel Evatt's Report on the subsequent operations, I would point out to your Lordship that the nature of the country, the hositility of its inhabitants, and the want of reliable maps and information, made the task assigned to Lieutenant-Colonel Evatt one of peculiar difficulty, and the extremely able and thorough manner in which he accomplished his object is, therefore, all the more striking.
I venture to submit Lieutenant-Colonel Evatt's name for your Lordship's favourable consideration.'
Magor adds the following in African General Service Medals, 'They crossed Lake Kwania by canoe and captured Mwanga and Kaberega. This action was described as 'an unexpected and unspectacular conclusion to two long and troublesome careers.'
In one account it is stated that Kaberega was wounded in his last fight and taken to a military hospital, but as some other African was treated before him, he became incensed, jumped off his stretcher and kicked the European doctor in the bottom. The doctor however took the assault philosophically, 'After all, it's not every day that one is kicked by a king.'
Evatt was presented with his D.S.O. by the Commissioner and Consul-General in Uganda. He stayed in Uganda, and led the military operations against the Nandi between July-October 1900. Magor gives the following, 'the Nandi had remained hostile and the situation was aggravated by the approach of the Uganda Railway. Persistent looting and attacks necessitated another expedition. This was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel J.T. Evatt, D.S.O., who was described as 'brawny, thick and glaring, a bit gray and a face like an old walrus, running them all with an iron hand...' - he was almost a prototype of an indomitable 'C.O.'
In June, Captain Parkin (Northants Regt.) and a small expedition of 25 rifles and some Masai spearmen killed 25 Nandi and captured 229 cattle and 1,800 sheep and goats. However they were followed up by the Nandi and lost 2 killed and 1 wounded.
The action precipitated Evatt's expedition which absorbed virtually all the resources of the Uganda Rifles.
The Nandi dispersed and refused to fight, but cut up a number of small parties, even annihilating 20 Sudanese in one skirmish.
Evatt was reinforced by Masai irregulars, who were adept at finding the cattle which the Nandi had hidden in the caves of the Escarpment. Thus quite severe pecuniary losses were inflicted on the Nandi as large numbers of cattle and goats were captured.
Evatt's camp was attacked and might well have been overwhelmed if the Nandi, who fought with great courage, had not been driven off by fire from the maxim gun.'
Evatt's report of the expedition given to Colonel A.H. Coles, Officer Commanding Uganda Rifles, dated December 1900, gives more detail:
It was not until the advent of some 300 Masai and Kamasia spearmen that really effective results were obtained. After the arrival of these auxiliaries the operations assumed the nature of a series of raids of two or three days' duration, when columns consisting of about 40 rifles and 100 Masai (generally under a British officer) moved from a central camp on the lightest possible scale of baggage. It was on these occasions that the heaviest casualties were inflicted on the Nandi. These operations involved some independent fighting, mostly borne by the auxiliaries, who, from their superior mobility, were generally in advance of the troops, who thus acted as a support. In spite of their alertness by day, the Nandi were on several occasions taken completely by surprise at night, and heavy damage inflicted upon them.
In this manner the Nandi country was a second time traversed, i.e. from east to west, columns being sent in all directions as the main body of the force moved forward.
In the vicinity of the western extremity of the escarpment operations were undertaken against the cave strongholds of the Nandi, which they regarded as impregnable.... Situated amongst the rocks and boulders it is almost impossible without a guide to locate their entrances. Of these there are generally several, barricaded with rocks and stones, and loopholed in such a manner that to take them with troops armed with rifles and with no protective arrangement against arrows would result in disproportionate loss of life. The caves were, however, taken with comparatively inconsiderable casualties by employing bodies of auxiliaries, who advanced against the entrances under cover of their shields and were supported by rifles. The barricades were then pulled away and an entrance forced. After the reduction of the second cave the enemy evacuated the remainder, in some of which considerable quantities of grain were found.....
Acting on information which consistently pointed to the majority of the Nandi live stock (and therefore fighting men) being in the low-lying hills between the Lumbwa Escarpment and the Nyando River, I proceeded with the remainder of the force, consisting of 145 rifles (local troops) and 300 Masai, in a southerly direction from Nandi Station... I had on the previous day received authentic information as to the whereabouts of the most troublesome leaders of the rebellion, the two Laibons, or medicine men, Kibiles and Goitalel, and of the intention of the enemy to break back to the Nandi Escarpment as soon as the troops should arrive in the vicinity of Fort Ternan. I therefore decided to attack at once. Leaving a sufficient guard in camp I divided the remainder of the force into two columns, which left camp at 11pm on the 12th October. One column under Colour-Sergeant J. Ellison, was to proceed to the east, cross the Nyando River, and attacking the Bomas or zaribas... to drive the enemy west, returning to camp, if possible, before nightfall.... Colour-Sergeant Ellison... inflicted severe loss on the enemy.
With the other column I proceeded with the intention of surprising the Boma of the Laibons, and of subsequently acting as circumstances might demand. After marching continuously until about 4am on the 13th the zariba was surrounded and taken after considerable opposition. The column then continued its advance, and after making large captures of livestock, and inflicting severe losses on the enemy, a suitable site was selected (at about 1pm on the 13th) for a bivouac, as it was impossible to reach camp before nightfall. Owing to various circumstances it was found impracticable to complete more than a zariba for the captured livestock. The troops and the auxiliaries were placed in the most favourable positions for protecting the captures and resisting an attack, and were warned of the extreme probability of this being made. The attack in fact, took place at about 11pm, when it appears that the enemy assaulted in three bodies, one of which, breaking through the Masai spearmen, entered the cattle zariba, and thence inflicted most of the losses which occurred. The night was pitch dark, and nothing could be seen at more than a few yards distance. Fire was opened at once, and no entrance was affected through the troops, who generally behaved with commendable steadiness. Some confusion was occasioned by the Masai spearmen crowding round the Maxim gun and preventing it from coming into action. This was, however, soon rectified, and after the gun commenced fire the enemy made no further attacks... I regret that in this engagement Dr. J.L. Sherlock, Uganda Medical Service, and 10 native ranks were killed, and Lieutenant K. Henderson, Indian Staff Corps, and 18 native ranks were wounded. The enemy left 21 dead in close proximity to the Boma; their total losses during the operations of the 12th and 13th October being 74 authenticated killed, including the Laibon Goitalel, 1,039 cattle, and 3,100 sheep and goats.
This was the last event of the expedition, the Lumbwa and Nandi tribes having since submitted and peace having been concluded.... In adopting the tactics dictated by those of the enemy, I have been guided by the ordinary military principle of making the destruction or deprivation of what they prize most as my first object. This undoubtedly their livestock, the capture of which has, I firmly believe, been the only means through which it was possible to kill an exemplary number of an extremely mobile enemy, who (from a record of hostility, treachery, and murder probably unexampled in the history of the Protectorate) have called on themselves such punishment as has been meted to them.'
Evatt was Mentioned in Despatches and given Brevet of Lieutenant Colonel in recognition of his services in Uganda. He raised and commanded the first Indian Contingent for Uganda, and commanded the Uganda Military Force. In March 1901 Evatt raised and commanded the 49th (The Garhwal Rifle) Regiment of Bengal Infantry. The nucleus was provided by the 39th Royal Garhwal Rifles and in November of the same year the two battalions were redesignated as the 1st and 2nd Battalions 39th Garhwal Rifles. Evatt advanced to Colonel, 23.11.1907. He served as Temporary Brigadier-General, Commanding the Madras Brigade, 1907-1910. Retiring with the rank of Brigadier-General, 1913, Evatt was appointed as the first Colonel of the Regiment (39th Garhwal Rifles) the following year. He re-engaged for service as a Brigade Commander during the Great War (Mentioned in the Secretary of State's Despatch London Gazette 25.1.1917). He served as Deputy Assistant Censor, 1916-17, and as Area Commandant in France in 1917.
 

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